Henry Andrews Cotton, M.D., (1876 - 1933) was an American psychiatrist, and proponent of the theory that madness can be traced to untreated physical infection rather than purely mental causes. As the medical director of New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton between 1907 and 1930, he dedicated much of his time to his research in this area, including the conduction of routine surgeries on patients in an effort to solve the problem of madness.